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*
The CE marking Declaration of Conformity contains important supplementary information and instructions for the user or
installer.
Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
<>
Angle brackets that contain numbers separated by an ellipsis represent
a range of values associated with a bit or signal name—for example,
AO <3..0>.
»
The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options
to a final action. The sequence File»Page Setup»Options directs you to
pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and select Options
from the last dialog box.
This icon denotes a note, which alerts you to important information.
bold
Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software, such
as menu items and dialog box options. Bold text also denotes parameter
names.
italic
Italic text denotes variables, emphasis, a cross-reference, or an introduction
to a key concept. Italic text also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word
or value that you must supply.
monospace
Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the
keyboard, sections of code, programming examples, and syntax examples.
This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives, paths, directories,
programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations,
variables, filenames, and extensions.
Chapter 1
About the NI 1410 Device.............................................................................................1-1
Software Overview ........................................................................................................1-2
NI-IMAQ Driver Software..............................................................................1-3
Vision Builder for Automated Inspection.........................................1-3
Chapter 2
Programmable Gain and Offset.......................................................................2-2
Genlock Circuit and SYNC Mux ....................................................................2-3
RTSI Bus .........................................................................................................2-4
Digital Input/Output Circuitry.........................................................................2-4
Acquisition Modes.........................................................................................................2-4
Analog Front End Considerations..................................................................................2-5
Signal Connections
Video Input Channels ....................................................................................................3-1
BNC Connector..............................................................................................................3-1
Digital I/O Connector ....................................................................................................3-2
Digital I/O Connector Signal Connection Descriptions..................................3-4
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Contents
Appendix A
Custom Cables
Technical Support and Professional Services
Glossary
Index
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1
Introduction
This chapter describes the NI PCI-1410 (NI 1410) device and its software
programming options.
About the NI 1410 Device
The NI 1410 is a high-accuracy, monochrome image acquisition device for
PCI that supports RS-170, CCIR, NTSC, and PAL video standards, as well
as nonstandard cameras from any of four input sources. The NI 1410
features a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts video
signals to digital formats. The NI 1410 acquires images in real time and
stores them in onboard frame memory or transfers them directly to system
memory.
The NI 1410 is easy to install and configure. The NI 1410 ships with
NI Vision Acquisition Software, which includes NI-IMAQ, the National
Instruments driver software you can use to directly control the NI 1410 and
other National Instruments image acquisition devices. With NI-IMAQ, you
can quickly and easily start the applications without having to program the
device at the register level.
As a stand-alone device, the NI 1410 supports four general-purpose control
lines that are configurable to generate precise timing signals for controlling
camera acquisition. The NI 1410 also supports four video sources and four
external I/O lines to use as triggers or digital I/O lines.
Easily synchronizing several functions to a common trigger or timing event
is a common challenge with image acquisition devices. The NI 1410 uses
its Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) bus to solve this problem. The
RTSI bus uses the National Instruments RTSI bus interface and ribbon
cable to route additional timing and trigger signals between the NI 1410
and National Instruments DAQ, Motion Control, or other image acquisition
devices. The RTSI bus can even synchronize multiple image acquisition
hardware captures.
For detailed specifications of the NI 1410, refer to the Specifications
section of Getting Started with the NI PCI-1410.
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Refer to Figure 1-1 for the location of the NI 1410 W1 jumper and the
connectors discussed in this manual.
4
3
2
1
1
2
68-Pin VHDCI Connector
BNC Connector
3
4
W1 Jumper
RTSI Bus Connector
Figure 1-1. NI PCI-1410 Parts Locator Diagram
Software Overview
Programming the NI 1410 requires the NI-IMAQ driver software for
controlling the hardware. National Instruments also offers the following
application software packages for analyzing and processing your acquired
images.
•
Vision Builder for Automated Inspection (AI)—Allows you to
configure solutions to common inspection tasks.
•
National Instruments Vision Development Module—Provides
customized control over hardware and algorithms.
The following sections provide an overview of the driver software and the
application software. For detailed information about individual software
packages, refer to the documentation specific to each package.
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NI-IMAQ Driver Software
The NI 1410 ships with NI Vision Acquisition Software, which includes
the NI-IMAQ driver software. NI-IMAQ has an extensive library of
functions—such as routines for video configuration, continuous and single
shot image acquisition, memory buffer allocation, trigger control, and
device configuration—you can call from the application development
between the computer and the image acquisition device, such as
programming interrupts and camera control.
NI-IMAQ performs all functions required for acquiring and saving images
but does not perform image analysis. For image analysis functionality, refer
to the National Instruments Application Software section of this chapter.
NI-IMAQ also provides the interface path between the NI 1410 and
LabVIEW, LabWindows™/CVI™, or a text-based programming
environment. The NI-IMAQ software kit includes a series of libraries for
image acquisition for LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, and Measurement
Studio, which contains libraries for Microsoft Visual Basic.
NI-IMAQ features both high-level and low-level functions. Examples
of high-level functions include the sequences to acquire images in
multi-buffer, single-shot, or continuous mode. An example of a low-level
function is configuring an image sequence, since it requires advanced
understanding of the image acquisition device and image acquisition
principles.
National Instruments Application Software
This section describes the National Instruments application software
packages you can use to analyze and process the images you acquire with
the NI 1410.
Vision Builder for Automated Inspection
NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection (AI) is configurable machine
vision software that you can use to prototype, benchmark, and deploy
applications. Vision Builder AI does not require programming, but is
scalable to powerful programming environments.
Vision Builder AI allows you to easily configure and benchmark a
sequence of visual inspection steps, as well as deploy the visual inspection
system for automated inspection. With Vision Builder AI, you can perform
powerful visual inspection tasks and make decisions based on the results of
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Introduction
individual tasks. You also can migrate the configured inspection to
LabVIEW, extending the capabilities of the applications if necessary.
Vision Development Module
The Vision Development Module is an image acquisition, processing, and
analysis library of more than 270 functions for the following common
machine vision tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
Pattern matching
Particle analysis
Gauging
Taking measurements
Grayscale, color, and binary image display
You can use the Vision Development Module functions individually or
in combination. With the Vision Development Module, you can acquire,
display, and store images, as well as perform image analysis, and
processing. Using the Vision Development Module, imaging novices and
experts can program the most basic or complicated image applications
without knowledge of particular algorithm implementations.
As a part of the Vision Development Module, NI Vision Assistant is an
interactive prototyping tool for machine vision and scientific imaging
developers. With Vision Assistant, you can prototype vision applications
quickly and test how various vision image processing functions work.
Vision Assistant generates a Builder file, which is a text description
containing a recipe of the machine vision and image processing functions.
This Builder file provides a guide you can use for developing applications
in any ADE, such as LabWindows/CVI or Visual Basic, using the Vision
Assistant machine vision and image processing libraries. Using the
LabVIEW VI creation wizard, Vision Assistant can create LabVIEW VI
block diagrams that perform the prototype you created in Vision Assistant.
You then can use LabVIEW to add functionality to the generated VI.
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Integration with DAQ and Motion Control
Platforms that support NI-IMAQ also support NI-DAQ and a variety of
National Instruments DAQ devices. This allows integration between image
acquisition devices and National Instruments DAQ products.
Use National Instruments high-performance stepper and servo motion
control products with pattern matching software in inspection and guidance
applications, such as locating alignment markers on semiconductor wafers,
guiding robotic arms, inspecting the quality of manufactured parts, and
locating cells.
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2
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the features of the NI PCI-1410 device and includes
information about acquisition modes, analog front-end considerations, and
clamping.
Functional Overview
The NI 1410 features a flexible, high-speed data path optimized for the
acquisition and formatting of video data from analog cameras. The NI 1410
can acquire from RS-170/NTSC, CCIR/PAL, VGA, and progressive scan
cameras, as well as from non-standard cameras such as line scan cameras.
The NI 1410 digitizes analog video signals to 8 or 10 bits of resolution at
sampling frequencies up to 40 MHz.
The NI 1410 has a factory-calibrated gain circuit to improve measurement
accuracy and board-to-board consistency. It uses a PCI interface for
high-speed data transfer, 16 MB of SDRAM for data buffering, and
region-of-interest control circuitry for optimizing the data transfer. The
16 MB of SDRAM also allows you to acquire entire images into onboard
memory when necessary. The NI 1410 includes four external triggers,
four camera control signals, seven RTSI bus triggers, and four video
synchronization signals.
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Hardware Overview
The block diagram in Figure 2-1 illustrates the key functional units of the
NI 1410.
RTSI Bus
4 Camera Control Lines
Digital
Input/Output
Circuitry
4 External Triggers
External PCLK,
HSYNC, VSYNC
Aspect Ratio Correction
Acquisition and
Region-of-Interest
Control
Genlock Circuit
and SYNC Mux
HSYNC, VSYNC
PCLK
External CSYNC
Video
Video
Mux
Programmable
Gain and Offset
0,1,2,3
Analog
Bandwidth
Control
Digital
Filter
and
Onboard
Memory and
Control Circuitry
PCI Interface and
Scatter-Gather
DMA Controller
10-Bit
ADC
Video 0
Circuitry
LUT
Figure 2-1. NI 1410 Block Diagram
Video Multiplexer
The video multiplexer routes one of the four AC-coupled video inputs to
the 10-bit ADC circuitry. The input impedance is 75 Ω.
Programmable Gain and Offset
The NI 1410 uses programmable gain and offset circuitry to optimize the
input signal range.
Analog Bandwidth Control Circuitry
You can select either the full bandwidth of 30 MHz or a reduced bandwidth
of 9 MHz. The 9 MHz bandwidth setting is available using a 5th order
Butterworth lowpass filter.
10-Bit ADC
The 10-bit ADC digitizes the conditioned video signal.
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Digital Filter and LUT
The digital filter removes chrominance from a composite color video signal
that conforms to either PAL or NTSC. The output of the digital filter passes
through the 1,024 × 10-bit lookup table (LUT). You can configure the LUT
to implement simple imaging operations such as contrast enhancement,
data inversion, gamma correction, or other user-defined transfer functions.
Onboard Memory
The NI 1410 has 16 MB of SDRAM for temporarily storing image data
being transferred to the system memory through the PCI bus. The memory
can store multiple image buffers.
Scatter-Gather DMA Controllers
The NI 1410 uses three independent onboard direct memory access (DMA)
controllers. The DMA controllers transfer data between the onboard
SDRAM memory buffer and the PCI bus. Each of these controllers
supports scatter-gather DMA, which allows the controllers to reconfigure
on-the-fly. This functionality enables the NI 1410 to perform continuous
image transfers directly to either contiguous or fragmented memory
buffers.
PCI Interface
The NI 1410 implements the PCI interface with a National Instruments
custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), the PCI MITE. The
PCI interface can transfer data at a maximum rate of 132 MB/s in bus
master mode.
Genlock Circuit and SYNC Mux
The genlock circuit receives the incoming video signal and generates
PCLK, HSYNC, and VSYNC signals for use by the acquisition and control
circuitry. The NI 1410 can lock to the standard RS-170/NTSC and
CCIR/PAL video signals as well as progressive scan and VGA
(640 × 480 resolution) signals. The genlock circuit on the NI 1410 also can
lock to external HSYNC and VSYNC or CSYNC signals, as well as
additional nonstandard formats.
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Acquisition and Region-of-Interest Control
The acquisition and region-of-interest (ROI) control circuitry routes
the active pixels from the 10-bit ADC to the onboard memory. The NI 1410
can perform ROI and scaling on all video lines. Pixel and line scaling
transfers certain multiples (two, four, or eight) of pixels and lines to
onboard memory.
RTSI Bus
The seven trigger lines on the RTSI bus provide a flexible interconnection
scheme between multiple image acquisition devices, as well as between
National Instruments DAQ or Motion Control devices.
Digital Input/Output Circuitry
The digital input/output (I/O) circuitry routes, monitors, and drives the
external trigger lines, RTSI bus lines, and camera control lines. You can
use the trigger lines to start or stop an acquisition on a rising or falling edge.
You also can map onboard signals such as HSYNC, VSYNC,
ACQUISTION_IN_PROGRESS, and ACQUISITION_DONE to these
lines. The camera control lines provide a means to generate deterministic
signals for triggering cameras, strobe lights, or other timing-critical
applications.
Note The NI 1410 does not support pixel clock output on the trigger lines.
Acquisition Modes
The NI 1410 supports the following four video acquisition modes:
•
Standard Mode—In standard mode, the NI 1410 receives an
incoming composite video signal from the external BNC or 68-pin
VHDCI connector and generates CSYNC, HSYNC, VSYNC, and
PCLK signals. The VHDCI connector outputs the generated CSYNC
signal to synchronize other image acquisition devices or cameras.
•
CSYNC External Mode—In CYSNC external mode, the NI 1410
receives an incoming video signal (composite or luminance) and an
external CSYNC signal from the external connector and generates
HSYNC, VSYNC, and PCLK signals.
HSYNC, VSYNC, and PCLK signals from the camera and uses these
signals to acquire the video signals directly. You can use this mode to
acquire from a line scan camera.
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•
External HSYNC/VSYNC (HLOCK only) Mode—In external
HSYNC/VSYNC (HLOCK only) mode, the NI 1410 receives the
external HSYNC and VSYNC signals and internally generates the
PCLK signal. In this mode, the NI 1410 genlock circuitry uses only the
HSYNC signal for locking. You can use this mode to acquire from
asynchronously reset cameras that output a continuous HSYNC.
Analog Front End Considerations
The analog front end of the NI 1410 features a calibrated gain circuit,
programmable DC-restore circuit, and 10-bit ADC as shown in Figure 2-2.
10- or 8-bit
Digital Gain
10-bit
Analog
Video
1 of 4
Gain
DC-restore
Correction,
ADC
Filtering, and LUT
Figure 2-2. NI 1410 Analog Front End
10-Bit/8-Bit Mode
The NI 1410 always digitizes the incoming video signal to 10 bits of
resolution. In 10-bit mode, the NI 1410 has four fixed, full-scale ranges for
calibrating the gain for each range. Because the nominal full-scale ranges
are 0.20, 0.35, 0.70, and 1.40 V, the gain is not continuously variable in
this mode. To maintain compatibility with existing acquisition code
and processing algorithms used with other analog image acquisition
devices, the NI 1410 has an 8-bit mode that converts the 10-bit data from
the ADC to 8-bit data in the LUT after gain correction and any digital
filtering has occurred.
Clamping
The NTSC camera file sets the default values of Clamp Start and Clamp
Stop to 106 and 116, respectively. These settings place the clamp pulse,
which restores the DC level of the video signal, between the color burst
signal and the beginning of active video. Because some cameras deviate
from the exact timing required by the NTSC standard, the clamping pulse
may intersect either the color burst or the active video portions of the
signal. If this occurs, an acquired image may appear to have dark and light
bands, as in the following image.
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To prevent this problem, open Measurement & Automation Explorer
(MAX) and navigate to the Advanced tab of the camera file property page.
Use the following guidelines to adjust the Clamp Start and Clamp Stop
values until the image is corrected:
•
•
•
Minimum Clamp Start is 100
Maximum Clamp Stop is 120
Difference between Clamp Start and Clamp Stop is at least 10
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Signal Connections
This chapter describes cable connections for the NI PCI-1410 device.
Video Input Channels
The video input channels for the NI 1410 support two input
modes—referenced single-ended (RSE) and differential (DIFF). A
channel configured in DIFF mode uses two inputs. One input connects to
the positive terminal, and the other connects to the negative terminal. A
channel configured in RSE mode uses one input, which connects to the
positive terminal. The negative input is internally tied to ground.
BNC Connector
The BNC external connector supplies an immediate connection (RSE mode
verify that the W1 jumper is in place. Next, use the 2 m BNC cable shipped
with the NI 1410, or another 75 Ω BNC cable, to connect to the BNC
connector. If you are using a BNC connection, the VIDEO0 connection
on the 68-pin VHDCI I/O connector must be left open.
Refer to Figure 3-1 for the location of the NI 1410 W1 jumper and the
connectors discussed in this chapter.
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Signal Connections
4
3
2
1
1
2
68-Pin VHDCI Connector
BNC Connector
3
4
W1 Jumper
RTSI Bus Connector
Figure 3-1. NI PCI-1410 Parts Locator Diagram
Figure 3-2 shows the BNC connector pin assignments.
GND
VIDEO0+
Figure 3-2. BNC Connector Pin Assignment
Digital I/O Connector
The 68-pin VHDCI connector connects to all video signals (VIDEO0,
VIDEO1, VIDEO2, and VIDEO3), the external digital I/O lines, triggers,
and external signals. To access these connections, you can build your own
custom cable or use one of the optional National Instruments cables.
Note If you are using the VIDEO0 connection on the 68-pin VHDCI connector, you must
unplug the BNC cable.
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Signal Connections
Figure 3-3 shows the pinout of the 68-pin VHDCI connector.
VIDEO(0)+
VIDEO(0)–
VIDEO(1)+
VIDEO(1)–
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
DGND
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
HSYNCIN–
VSYNCIN–
CSYNCIN–
CSYNCOUT–
CTRL(0)–
68 34
67 33
66 32
65 31
64 30
63 29
62 28
61 27
60 26
59 25
58 24
57 23
56 22
55 21
54 20
53 19
52 18
51 17
50 16
49 15
48 14
47 13
46 12
45 11
44 10
VIDEO(2)+
VIDEO(2)–
VIDEO(3)+
VIDEO(3)–
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
DGND
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
HSYNCIN+
VSYNCIN+
CSYNCIN+
CSYNCOUT+
CTRL(0)+
CTRL(1)–
CTRL(2)–
CTRL(1)+
CTRL(2)+
CTRL(3)–
43
42
41
40
39
38
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
CTRL(3)+
TRIG(0)
TRIG(1)
TRIG(2)
TRIG(3)
CHASSISGND
PCLKIN+
DGND
RESERVED
DGND
DGND
DGND
DGND
CHASSISGND
PCLKIN– 37
DGND
RESERVED
36
35
Figure 3-3. I/O Connector Pin Assignments
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Chapter 3
Signal Connections
Digital I/O Connector Signal Connection Descriptions
Table 3-1 describes each signal connection on the 68-pin VHDCI
connector.
Table 3-1. I/O Connector Signals
Signal Name
Description
VIDEO0
VIDEO0 allows for a DIFF or RSE connection. To operate in RSE mode,
you must connect VIDEO0– to DGND. When you use VIDEO0+ or
VIDEO0–, you must disconnect the video signal from the BNC connector. To
operate in DIFF mode, remove attached W1 jumper.
VIDEO<3..1>
PCLKIN
VIDEO<3..1> allows for a DIFF or RSE connection to video channels
1, 2, and 3. To operate in RSE mode, connect VIDEO<3..1>– to DGND.
Use PCLKIN when the NI 1410 is in external lock mode. In this mode,
PCLKIN represents the A/D sampling clock. You can select PCLKIN to be
either TTL or RS-422 mode and program its polarity through software. In
RS-422 mode, both PCLKIN+ and PCLKIN– receive the PCLK signal.
HSYNCIN
VSYNCIN
Use HSYNCIN when the NI 1410 is in external lock mode or external
HSYNC/VSYNC (HLOCK only) mode. HSYNC is a synchronization pulse
produced at the beginning of each video scan line that keeps the video monitor
horizontal scan rate in step with the transmission of each new line. You can set
HSYNCIN for either TTL or RS-422 mode and program its polarity through
software. In RS-422 mode, both HSYNCIN+ and HSYNCIN– receive the
HSYNC signal.
Use VSYNCIN when the NI 1410 is in external lock mode or external
HSYNC/VSYNC (HLOCK only) mode. VSYNC is a synchronization pulse
generated at the beginning of each video frame that tells the video monitor
when to start a new field. You can set VSYNCIN to be either TTL or RS-422
mode and program its polarity through software. In RS-422 mode, both
VSYNCIN+ and VSYNCIN– receive the VSYNC signal.
CSYNCIN
Use CSYNCIN when the NI 1410 is in CSYNC external mode. CSYNC is a
signal consisting of horizontal sync pulses, vertical sync pulses, and equalizing
pulses only. You can set CSYNCIN to be either TTL or RS-422 mode and
program its polarity through software. In RS-422 mode, both CSYNCIN+ and
CSYNCIN– receive the CSYNC signal.
CSYNCOUT
CSYNCOUT is a TTL output of the internal CSYNC signal. In CSYNC
external mode, CSYNCOUT maps directly to CSYNCIN. In standard mode,
the synchronization circuitry of the NI 1410 generates CSYNCOUT.
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Chapter 3
Signal Connections
Table 3-1. I/O Connector Signals (Continued)
Signal Name
Description
TRIG<3..0>
Triggers<3..0> are TTL I/O lines used to start or stop an acquisition or output
an acquisition status. You can program the triggers to be rising- or falling-edge
sensitive. You also can program the triggers to be programmatically asserted
or unasserted, which is similar in function to a digital I/O line, or to contain
specific pulse widths or internal status signals by using the onboard events.
CTRL<3..0>
DGND
Use the control lines on the NI 1410 to control camera features and timing
information, such as generating integration or shutter pulses. You can generate
either static or dynamic signals and either TTL or differential signals on these
lines.
DGND is a direct connection to digital GND on the NI 1410.
CHASSIS_GND CHASSIS_GND is a direct connection to the computer’s chassis, which is
grounded through the power cord.
© National Instruments Corporation
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A
Custom Cables
This appendix lists specifications for building custom cables to use with the
NI PCI-1410 device.
Cable Specification
National Instruments offers cables and accessories for you to connect to
video sources, trigger sources, or synchronization sources. Use the
following guidelines when developing your own cables:
•
•
For the video inputs, use a 75 Ω shielded coaxial cable.
For the digital triggers and synchronization signals, use twisted pairs
for each signal.
For information about connector pin assignments, refer to the Digital I/O
Connector section of Chapter 3, Signal Connections.
Connector Specifications
•
Video and sync signals—75 Ω impedance
•
•
Trigger signals—TTL
Type—75 Ω BNC or 68-pin VHDCI receptacle
© National Instruments Corporation
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B
Technical Support and
Professional Services
Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at
ni.com for technical support and professional services:
•
Support—Online technical support resources at ni.com/support
include the following:
–
Self-Help Resources—For answers and solutions, visit the
award-winning National Instruments Web site for software drivers
and updates, a searchable KnowledgeBase, product manuals,
step-by-step troubleshooting wizards, thousands of example
programs, tutorials, application notes, instrument drivers, and
so on.
–
Free Technical Support—All registered users receive free Basic
Service, which includes access to hundreds of Application
Engineers worldwide in the NI Discussion Forums at
ni.com/forums. National Instruments Application Engineers
make sure every question receives an answer.
For information about other technical support options in your
area, visit ni.com/services or contact your local office at
ni.com/contact.
•
•
•
Training and Certification—Visit ni.com/training for
self-paced training, eLearning virtual classrooms, interactive CDs,
and Certification program information. You also can register for
instructor-led, hands-on courses at locations around the world.
System Integration—If you have time constraints, limited in-house
technical resources, or other project challenges, National Instruments
Alliance Partner members can help. To learn more, call your local
NI office or visit ni.com/alliance.
Declaration of Conformity (DoC)—A DoC is our claim of
compliance with the Council of the European Communities using
the manufacturer’s declaration of conformity. This system affords
the user protection for electronic compatibility (EMC) and product
safety. You can obtain the DoC for your product by visiting
ni.com/certification.
© National Instruments Corporation
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NI PCI-1410 User Manual
Appendix B
Technical Support and Professional Services
•
Calibration Certificate—If your product supports calibration,
you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at
ni.com/calibration.
If you searched ni.com and could not find the answers you need, contact
your local office or NI corporate headquarters. Phone numbers for our
worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual. You also can visit
the Worldwide Offices section of ni.com/niglobal to access the branch
office Web sites, which provide up-to-date contact information, support
phone numbers, email addresses, and current events.
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Glossary
A
A/D
Analog-to-digital.
ADC
Analog-to-digital converter. An electronic device, often an integrated
circuit, that converts an analog voltage to a digital value.
address
Value that identifies a specific location (or series of locations) in memory.
Removes the color information from the video signal.
antichrominance filter
ASIC
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A proprietary semiconductor
component designed and manufactured to perform a set of specific
functions for specific customer needs.
aspect ratio
The ratio of a picture or image’s width to its height.
B
buffer
Temporary storage for acquired data.
bus
A group of conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer,
such as the PCI bus; typically the expansion vehicle to which I/O or other
devices are connected.
C
CCIR
that developed standards for video signals. Also used to describe signals,
boards, and cameras that adhere to the CCIR standards.
chroma
The color information in a video signal.
chrominance
CSYNC
See chroma.
Composite synchronization signal. Signals in a color video system that
multiplex all picture information into a single signal, such as NTSC, PAL,
or SECAM.
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Glossary
D
DAQ
Data acquisition. (1) Collecting and measuring electrical signals from
sensors, transducers, and test probes or fixtures and inputting them to a
computer for processing. (2) Collecting and measuring the same kinds of
electrical signals with A/D or DIO boards plugged into a computer, and
possibly generating control signals with D/A and/or DIO boards in the
same computer.
DMA
driver
Direct memory access. A method by which data can be transferred between
computer memory and a device or memory on the bus while the processor
does something else. DMA is the fastest method of transferring data
to/from computer memory.
Software that controls a specific hardware device, such as an image
acquisition or DAQ device.
E
external trigger
A voltage pulse from an external source that triggers an event such as
A/D conversion.
F
field
For an interlaced video signal, a field is half the number of horizontal lines
needed to represent a frame of video. The first field of a frame contains all
the odd-numbered lines, the second field contains all of the even-numbered
lines.
frame
A complete image. In interlaced formats, a frame is composed of two fields.
G
gamma
The nonlinear change in the difference between the video signal’s
brightness level and the voltage level needed to produce that brightness.
genlock
The process of synchronizing a video source to the signal from a separate
video source. The circuitry aligns the video timing signals by locking
together the horizontal, vertical, and color subcarrier frequencies and
phases and generates a pixel clock that clocks pixel data into memory
for display or into another circuit for processing.
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Glossary
H
HSYNC
Horizontal synchronization signal. The synchronization pulse signal
produced at the beginning of each video scan line that keeps a video
monitor’s horizontal scan rate in step with the transmission of each
new line.
I
instrument driver
A set of high-level software functions, such as NI-IMAQ, that control
specific plug-in computer boards. Instrument drivers are available in
several forms, ranging from a function callable from a programming
language to a virtual instrument (VI) in LabVIEW.
interlaced
interrupt
A video frame composed of two interleaved fields. The number of lines
in a field are half the number of lines in an interlaced frame.
A computer signal indicating that the CPU should suspend its current task
to service a designated activity.
interrupt level
The relative priority at which a device can interrupt.
L
LSB
Least significant bit.
LUT
Lookup table. Table containing values used to transform the gray-level
corresponding new value is obtained from the lookup table.
M
memory buffer
See buffer.
mux
Multiplexer. A switching device with multiple inputs that selectively
connects one of its inputs to its output.
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Glossary
N
NI-IMAQ
Driver software for National Instruments image acquisition hardware.
NTSC
National Television Standards Committee. The committee that developed
the color video standard used primarily in North America, which uses
525 lines per frame. See also PAL.
P
PAL
Phase Alternation Line. One of the European video color standards.
PAL uses 625 lines per frame. See also NTSC.
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect. A high-performance expansion bus
architecture originally developed by Intel to replace ISA and EISA.
PCI offers a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes/s.
PCLK
Pixel clock signal. Times the sampling of pixels on a video line.
pixel aspect ratio
The ratio between the physical horizontal size and the vertical size of the
region covered by the pixel. An acquired pixel should optimally be square,
thus the optimal value is 1.0, but typically it falls between 0.95 and 1.05,
depending on camera quality.
pixel clock
Divides the incoming horizontal video line into pixels.
R
resolution
(1) The number of rows and columns of pixels. An image composed of
m rows and n columns has a resolution of m × n. This image has n pixels
along its horizontal axis and m pixels along its vertical axis. (2) The
smallest signal increment that can be detected by a measurement system.
Resolution can be expressed in bits, proportions, or a percentage of
full scale. For example, a system has 12-bit resolution, one part in
4,096 resolution, and 0.0244 percent of full scale.
ROI
Region of interest. (1) An area of the image that is graphically selected
from a window displaying the image. This area can be used to focus further
processing. (2) A hardware-programmable rectangular portion of the
acquisition window.
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Glossary
RSE
Referenced single-ended. All measurements are made with respect to a
common reference measurement system or a ground. Also called a
grounded measurement system.
RTSI bus
Real-Time System Integration Bus. The National Instruments timing bus
that connects image acquisition and DAQ boards directly by means of
connectors on top of the boards for precise synchronization of functions.
S
scatter-gather DMA
A type of DMA that allows the DMA controller to reconfigure on-the-fly.
SDRAM
Synchronous DRAM is a form of dynamic RAM memory that is about 20%
faster than EDO RAM. SDRAM interleaves two or more internal memory
arrays so that while one array is being accessed, the next one is being
prepared for access.
sync
Tells the display where to put a video picture. The horizontal sync indicates
the picture’s left-to-right placement and the vertical sync indicates
top-to-bottom placement.
T
trigger
Any event that causes or starts some form of data capture.
Transistor-transistor logic.
TTL
V
value
The grayscale intensity of a color pixel computed as the average of the
maximum and minimum red, green, and blue values of that pixel.
VI
Virtual Instrument. (1) A combination of hardware and/or software
elements, typically used with a PC, that has the functionality of a classic
stand-alone instrument. (2) A LabVIEW software module (VI), which
consists of a front panel user interface and a block diagram program.
VSYNC
Vertical synchronization signal. The synchronization pulse generated at the
beginning of each video field that tells the video monitor when to start a
new field.
© National Instruments Corporation
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Index
CTRL<3..0> signal (table), 3-5
Numerics
10-bit ADC, 2-2
10-bit LUT, 2-3
Declaration of Conformity (NI resources), B-1
DGND signal (table), 3-5
diagnostic tools (NI resources), B-1
DMA controllers, 2-3
A
acquisition and region-of-interest control, 2-4
ADC, 10-bit, 2-2
analog bandwidth control circuitry, 2-2
analog front end considerations, 2-5
antichrominance filter, 2-3
documentation
drivers (NI resources), B-1
application software
Vision Development Module, 1-4
B
BNC connector
external lock mode description, 2-4
avoiding VIDEO0 connection with 68-pin
VHDCI connector (note), 3-2
signal connections, 3-1
front end considerations, 2-5
functional overview, 2-1
C
cables
custom cable specifications, A-1
calibration certificate (NI resources), B-2
CHASSIS_GND signal (table), 3-5
composite synchronization. See CSYNC
configuration, parts locator diagram, 1-2, 3-2
conventions used in the manual, v
CSYNC
gain and offset circuitry, programmable, 2-2
acquisition and region-of-interest
control, 2-4
CSYNC mux, 2-3
external acquisition mode, 2-4
genlock and synchronization circuitry, 2-3
CSYNCIN signal (table), 3-4
CSYNCOUT signal (table), 3-4
acquisition modes, 2-4
block diagram, 2-2
CSYNC mux, 2-3
digital antichrominance filter, 2-3
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Index
functional overview, 2-1
circuitry, 2-3
National Instruments support and
PCI Interface, 2-3
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 2-3
programmable gain and offset, 2-2
RTSI bus, 2-4
video mux, 2-2
help, technical support, B-1
HSYNC
parts locator diagram, 1-2, 3-2
PCI interface, 2-3
PCI-1410 device
genlock and synchronization
HSYNCIN signal (table), 3-4
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-3
PCLK
circuitry, 2-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 2-3
pin assignments
BNC connector (figure), 3-2
I/O connector (figure), 3-3
programmable gain and offset circuitry, 2-2
programming examples (NI resources), B-1
I
instrument drivers (NI resources), B-1
integration with DAQ and motion control, 1-5
I/O connector
avoiding VIDEO0 connection with BNC
connector, 3-2
pin assignments (figure), 3-3
signal descriptions (table), 3-4
K
region of interest control circuitry, 2-4
RTSI bus, 2-4
L
LabVIEW
Vision Builder AI, 1-4
lock mode, external, 2-4
lookup table, 10-bit LUT, 2-3
M
motion control, integrating with, 1-5
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Index
S
scatter-gather DMA controllers, 2-3
signal connections
VHDCI connector. See I/O connector
video mux, 2-2
BNC connector, 3-1
I/O connector, 3-2
VIDEO0 signal (table), 3-4
VSYNC
pin assignments (figure), 3-3
signal descriptions (table), 3-4
software
NI resources, B-1
genlock and synchronization circuitry,
2-3
PCLK, HSYNC, VSYNC mux, 2-3
VSYNCIN signal (table), 3-4
Vision Development Module, 1-4
software programming choices
NI Vision, 1-3
NI-IMAQ driver software, 1-3
standard acquisition mode, 2-4
support, technical, B-1
SYNC mux, 2-3
Web resources, B-1
synchronization circuitry, 2-3
T
technical support, B-1
training and certification (NI resources), B-1
TRIG<3..0> signal (table), 3-5
troubleshooting (NI resources), B-1
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